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Employers must offer hepatitis B vaccination to employees who have been exposed to infectious materials to comply with OSHA standards. This requirement stems from the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, which aims to protect workers from known hazards associated with blood and other potentially infectious materials. Hepatitis B is a significant concern in healthcare settings due to its potential for severe health consequences; therefore, vaccination is a critical preventive measure.

The process of offering vaccination helps ensure that employees who are at risk receive the necessary protection, thereby reducing the likelihood of infection and promoting a safer work environment. The action underscores the employer's responsibility to ensure the health and safety of their employees, particularly in healthcare where exposure to infectious agents is a possibility.

Other options, while potentially important in their context, do not directly address OSHA's requirements following such exposure. Conducting a full investigation may be necessary to understand the situation better, but it does not specifically meet the immediate health and safety standards set by OSHA. Changing work schedules might provide some indirect benefit in avoiding further exposure but is not a compliance requirement. Likewise, providing mental health support is an essential aspect of employee welfare but does not fulfill the immediate obligation regarding vaccination against infectious diseases.