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A Biological Indicator is designed to evaluate the efficacy of a sterilization process by using viable microorganisms. This type of indicator specifically assesses the lethality of the sterilization conditions by providing a direct measure of whether the sterilization procedure has successfully killed the bacteria, viruses, or spores present in the indicator. Typically, a biological indicator contains a standardized population of specific microorganisms that are known to be resistant to the particular sterilization process in use. After sterilization, if these organisms are no longer viable, it confirms that the process achieved the necessary conditions for effective sterilization.

In contrast, other options do not accurately define the primary function of a Biological Indicator. For instance, measuring chemical exposure pertains to chemical indicators, which assess whether specific chemical agents have been present throughout the sterilization process but do not directly confirm microbial kill. Visual assessments typically focus on the operational aspects of sterilization equipment rather than its effectiveness against microorganisms, while historical records provide data on past outcomes but do not serve as an immediate measure of current sterilization efficacy.